Analysis Of The Movie James Bond - 1204 Words

Goldfinger Character Analysis Rough Draft James Bond is widely known for being a cunning secret agent who will do everything to save whatever is in danger, anything from the world to an attractive female, and doing even more just to get the girl. This may be so in the movie depictions, but in the novels, James Bond can be depicted as a bumbling alcoholic who stumbles onto the right answers. James Bond’s successes are circumstantial by his actions, losses, and interactions with a variety of characters from Ian Fleming’s seventh James Bond novel, Goldfinger. Ian Fleming was born on May 28, 1908 in London, United Kingdom. Fleming worked as a journalist, news agent, and merchant banker throughout his life. During World War II, as a high†¦show more content†¦James Bond, an agent in Great Britain’s Secret Service and Intelligence Agency, is sitting at an airport in Miami, thinking about death. A man approaches Bond, a man he had met some years ago, and asks Bo nd to help him with a problem he has been having; someone has been cheating him at cards. The man introduces the cheat as Auric Goldfinger, a very wealthy British man. Bond meets Goldfinger and watches the two men play. He goes to Goldfinger’s room and sees a woman with binoculars and a radio, looking at the card game, cheating for Goldfinger. Bond seduces the girl, Jill Masterton, blackmails Goldfinger, and escapes with the girl. Later, back in Britain, Bond gets an assignment to watch over Auric Goldfinger. He is the richest man in England and the government believes he is smuggling gold out of the country. Bond goes to a golf course and happens to â€Å"run into† Goldfinger again. Goldfinger asks Bond to golf, Bond accepts, and Goldfinger cheats again. Bond fools Goldfinger and ends up beating him. Soon after, Bond follows Goldfinger on a tour through Europe. On this tour, Bond meets a girl introduced as Tilly Soames. Later he encounters her again at Goldfinger†™s compound in Switzerland. She is actually Tilly Masterton, sister of Jill Masterton, and is out to kill Goldfinger as revenge for Goldfinger killing Jill. They are soon discovered and brought to Goldfinger who interrogates them, drugs them, and takes themShow MoreRelated Casino Royale 1233 Words   |  5 Pages The James bond film series has captivated its audience for decades with eye-catching gadgets, explosions, and heroism of Agent 007. Over the years that these films have been produced, a variety of actors have played James bond and many actresses have played his love interests. The male roles are portrayed as overly masculine and all of the women are overly sexualized. It seems that in every James bond movie the special agent is beating up twenty guys and saving the lives of various gorgeousRead MoreLaunching the Bmw Z3 Roadster1583 Words   |  7 Pagesintroduced as a 1996 model year vehicle, shortly after being featured in the James Bond movie, Golden Eye. At that time Karen Sortito created the BMW campaign for the film Golden Eye. Afterwards, while the film was number one at the box office, sales of the car spiked. It focuses on the customers and how they suddenly picked up the marketing cues and stories depicted by the various promotional parties that were led by James McDow ell, BMW s marketing vice president. The BMW Z3 won the Super ReggieRead MoreBmw Z3 Roster1659 Words   |  7 PagesBMS s brand image in the hearts of Americans Phase1 which was not a run of the mill marketing campaign created a huge buzz and was deemed a huge success. The campaign revolved around the placement of the BMW Z3 in the James Bond Movie GOLDENEYE as Bonds new car. Several other non-traditional elements such as being part of the Neiman Marcus Christmas Catalog, product appearance on the Jay Leno show, and launch at Central Park ensured an out-of-the-box prelaunch. The challengeRead MoreAnalysis of the Opening Sequences of Three James Bond Films2119 Words   |  9 PagesAnalysis of the Opening Sequences of Three James Bond Films Analyse the opening sequences of three James Bond films and explain why they are constructed in this way. James Bond has been running for forty years and has released twenty movies. 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In order for a film to be believableRead MoreJames Bond and Culture Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesJames Bond films have been around for over fifty years and therefore have evolved with society, but a surprising concept of these films is that they actually affected these societal changes. James Bond began as a character in the spy novels of Ian Fleming, but later flourished on the big screen. In his early films Bond’s methods come off as a little villainous, but they are simply reflecting societal norms of the sixties and seventies. Dintia Smith of the New York Times even said â€Å"but just as theRead MoreChange: an Analysis of the Silence of the Lambs1567 Words   |  7 PagesChange: An Analysis of The Silence of the Lambs Stacy Cooper HUM/150 May 28, 2012 Victor Armenta University of Phoenix Change: An Analysis of The Silence of the Lambs The Silence of the Lambs (1991) is a film based on the novel by Thomas Harris, directed by Jonathan Demme. This film is a psychological crime-drama-thriller. Each of the main characters in this film share, in their own ways, a desire for change. The purpose of this paper is to analyze three main character’s roles in the filmRead MoreMarketing Planning Models1377 Words   |  6 Pagesdistributors. The internal audit focuses on decisions and whether the marketing actions and allocated resources are appropriate for opportunities and constraints (Brassington, F S Pettitt, 2007, p426). When all aspects of the audit is complete a SWOT analysis is performed to assess the results. SWOT deals with the internal strengths and weaknesses and the external opportunities and threats. The strengths and weaknesses concern the four P’s and the package offered to the public or target audience. ItRead MoreLaunching the Bmw Z3 Roadster Case Analysis2005 Words   |  9 PagesLaunching the BMW Z3 Roadster A Case Analysis Submitted to: Prof. Jayasimha K.R. Introduction Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMV) was a global automotive company, primarily into manufacturing luxury cars originated in Germany, with a significant position in the luxury/performance segment of the U.S. automotive market. In the early 90s, owing to competition from competitors such as Lexus, Acura and Infiniti, the company had repositioned its brand to more quality-oriented and had adjustedRead MoreThe Importance of Criminal Justice1617 Words   |  7 PagesThe Use of Criminal Profiling Criminal Profiling is a method of identifying the perpetrator of a crime based on an analysis of the nature of the offense and the manner in which it was committed. It most notably can be traced back to work done in the later part of the last century, and possibly even earlier in a variety of forms. There has been a definite growth since this early work, with many individuals doing a great deal of both research and practical work in criminal profiling. The investigative

Reading Deeply Example

Essays on Reading Deeply Book Report/Review Things fall apart Things fall apart Mr. Smith is enthusiast and uncompromising, perceiving the world completely as far as dark and white. Under him, fan like Enoch prosper. The celebration of the earthly things comes, at a time when the egwugwu wander around the towns in disbelief about the alien culture. A portion of the Christian men ask the egwugwu to resign quickly, so that the ladies will be permitted to go to their respective homes. The egwugwu concur. As they are resigning, Enoch brags egotistically that they might not set out to tap a Christian. One of the egwugwu people hits Enoch with a stick; Enoch reveals the secret about him. To reveal a secret about an egwugwu is viewed or perceived as an unpleasant sin (Achebe, 1994). Under Smith, he thinks reason and trade off get inconceivable which portrays the cultural difference between these two cultures. For example, Enochs demonstration is hostile in all faculties. He is attempting to begin a blessed war; when Smith hides or co nceals him in his dignitary, Enoch is disillusioned because he did not like what Smith was doing. He needs blood. His provocative remark comes directly following the egwugwu liberal concession. Despite the fact that the group tries to trade off with the new government and Christian religion, it demonstrates unthinkable. The white man did not respect and appreciate the Igbo ways, and the new religion is alien, narrow minded and deceptive, in that it preaches peace on one side while serving the British government on the other side (Achebe, 1994). This clearly indicates that the two races have significant interests and different perception of life. ReferenceAchebe, C. (1994). Things fall apart. New York, NY: Anchor.

Schizophrenia for Eating - Bathing and Dressing -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSchizophrenia for Eating, Bathing and Dressing. Answer: Schizophrenia is a severe mental and chronic disorder that affects the thinking, feeling and behaviour of an individual. The patients with schizophrenia seem to lose touch with reality. Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder that affects the three main areas: two areas in the frontal lobe and CA1 area in the hippocampus that comprises of a small region. Although it is not a terribly common disease, it is a severe one. Globally, about 1% of the population is diagnosed with this disease mainly 1.2% (3.2 million) suffer from schizophrenia (Farmer Chapman, 2016). The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is 0.87% and incidence is 15.2 in 100,000 persons that show prominent variation. Epidemiological studies show that lifetime prevalence is around 1% according to National Institute for Mental Health, 2015 (National Institute for Mental Health (2015). In a recent Singapore study on mental health, Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) is required for care delivery by different healthcare prof essionals in providing care to the schizophrenic patients. Therefore, the following assignment will discuss the development of MDT, identification of interventions in providing best care while working with clients suffering from mental health conditions in Singapore. Schizophrenia is a severe and challenging disorder in which a person is unable to distinguish between unreal and real, clearly think, manage motions and function normally. There is fear, confusion experienced in schizophrenic patients and seem to withdraw from the social world. There is also disruption of normal daily activities like eating, bathing, dressing or running errands. Schizophrenia is likely to develop more in males than females at an earlier age between 16 and 25 years and average onset age is 25 in women and 18 in men. The peak onset of the disease in males is 20-28 years and in females, 26-32 years (Chong et al., 2017). The onset is rare in childhood as compared to middle or older age groups. According to World Health Organization (WHO), schizophrenia affects more than 21 million people globally; however, it is not common as compared to other mental health disorders (World Health Organization, 2010). There is stigmatization, discrimination and violation of rights of peo ple living with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a clinical diagnosis that is differentiated from other medical illnesses where there is requirement of integration of medical, psychosocial and psychological inputs carried out by MDT. Antipsychotic medications help in the prevention of relapses or in diminishing the positive schizophrenic symptoms. The exact etiology of schizophrenia is still unknown. However, research suggests that it is a combination of causes including genetics and environmental factors. According to Ripke et al., (2013) the genomic experiments suggest that schizophrenia is mainly associated with SNPs with alleles and uncommon copy number variations (mainly deletions). Recently, researchers have identified a gene named C4 or complement component 4 that is involved in immune system that increases the risk of the mental illness (Sekar et al., 2016). After the conduction of tests in mice and humans, this identified gene is involved in the elimination of connections between neurons called synaptic pruning. The strongest genetic predictor that increases schizophrenia risk is located on chromosome 6 on DNA (Ripke et al., 2014). According to Reichenberg et al., (2016) although genetic factors are involved in the disease etiology, environment also plays an important role in the development of the illness affecting gene expression. In the early life, factors like maternal nutrition, obstetric complications, maternal stress and postnatal or prenatal infections increases the risk of schizophrenia as proposed by EU-GEI, 2014. In the later life, drug abuse, ethnicity or migration, social adversity, urbanization is also the environmental factors that might increase the risk of this illness. The contributing factors that increases schizophrenia risk has a great impact on the life of the people suffering from the disease. It affects their everyday life and overall quality of life. It is troublesome to life alteration that affects personal, professional and social life. There is tendency of the individuals to withdraw themselves from others and exhibit mood behaviors that are inappropriate making relationships difficu lt. Symptoms associated with the disease like delusions or hallucinations hinder them from participating their family chores and social life. There is also reduced physical performance due to worsening of physical health exacerbating Activities of Daily Living (ADL) disability (Patel et al., 2014). The resultant impairments are witnessed across ADL from basic activities to mobility and job skills. Concisely, schizophrenia has a potential impact on the motor abilities, cognition and physical capacity hampering overall quality of life. Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that involves the multiple pathways dysregulation where dopaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitter are affected. Anatomic, immune system and neurotransmitter abnormalities have implications on the schizophrenia pathophysiology. There is identification of deficits in the acetylcholine muscarinic receptors where inflammation has been found to be the major contributor to the development, exacerbation of schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies shows that there is decrease in brain volume, enlarged ventricles in the medial temporal areas along with changes witnessed in hippocampus. Anatomic abnormalities are seen in the limbic and neocortical regions and in the interconnection of white-matter tracts that are reduced in the brains of schizophrenic patients. There are abnormalities seen in the dopaminergic systems exhibiting hypodopaminergic activity in mesocortical system that leads to negative symptoms and hyperdopaminergic activity that lead to positive symptoms (Jenkins, 2013). There is also over activation and disturbance in the immune system that may result in inflammatory cytokines over expression and alteration in function and structure of brain. For example, elevated proinflammatory cytokine level activates kynurenine pathway where tryptophan is metabolized into quinolinic and kynurenic acids. These acids cause regulation of NMDA receptor activity involved in the regulation of dopamine. Metabolic disturbances and insulin resistance are common in schizophrenia linked to inflammation (Lee et al., 2014). Therefore, inflammation may be related to the schizophrenia psychopathology and metabolic disturbances. The complications of schizophrenia are devastating as it affects the human emotion, thought and expression. There are only 20% of the full recovery chances after a first schizophrenic episode that improves their quality of life. Among the medical illnesses, diabetes occurs in schizophrenia as the anti-psychotic drugs elevate the blood sugar levels. In addition, depression is also common because of negative social impact common in the later adulthood. It also affects the social status, as there is decline in the inability to perform the ADLs and earn a living. The long-term effects include relationships and professional life that leads to social exclusion. Intelligence is also affected, as there is decline in IQ reflecting early nerve damage, however, it is not an inevitable cause for schizophrenia disease progression. Suicide is also a complication due to the frightening behavior and they tend to withdraw themselves from others or causes self-harm. An estimated, 9-14% of people commi t suicide out of 20-50% schizophrenic patients and behave violently as compared to the general population (Howes Murray, 2014). The above description shows that schizophrenia is a serious mental health problem that is occurring widely, frequently causing severe disability, and diminishing quality of life. There is high incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide that is contributing to the burden of disease. Schizophrenia is a psychotic condition that is affecting the overall quality of life indicating lower quality of life, loss of productivity, distress and secondary mental health problems like depression for the patients, their families and caregivers. Therefore, the above discussion shows that this mental health problem of schizophrenia is worth investigating and requires MDT approach for the care delivery to the patients. For the treatment of schizophrenia, MDT approach that integrates psychopharmacologist, therapist, physicians, clinical pharmacists, nurses being the valuable members of the team. This MDT comprises of consultant who would discuss the medical problems related to schizophrenia along with prescribed medication. The psychiatrist would discuss the aspects of the illness so that the patient has a better look in overall life. The psychiatrist would discuss with the doctors and help in the recovery process for the clinical and social functioning of the schizophrenia patient. Social worker is also important who would encourage the patient for social integration and cope with environmental life aspects. Among this MDT, nurses play the most important role that provide all aspects of care in every phase of the disease in the psychiatric setting. Psychotherapist provides effective therapy for the best management of the unhealthy thinking in schizophrenia and develops new patterns that can help pa tient learn best ways to manage symptoms. The interventions are discussed in the next section. Antipsychotic treatment is the first pharmacological intervention that is used for the prevention of relapses and positive symptoms of schizophrenia (Kishimoto et al., 2013). Approximately, relapses occur within 1 year in around 80% of the patients if the medications are suddenly stopped. The choice of drug for schizophrenia treatment depends on the factors like cost, effectiveness, method of delivery, side-effect burden, tolerability and availability. The best choice of drug is the second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), major tranquilizers or neuroleptic medications helps in diminishing the symptoms and in reducing the chances of relapses. SGAs have minimal extrapyramidal side effects (EP) as compared to the first generation counterparts. SGAs class of drugs includes clozapine, aripiprazole, iloperidone, olanzapine, risperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone. These class of drugs have prominent serotonin 5HT2A combined with D2 antagonism along with a unique receptor-binding profile for muscarinic, histamine and and serotonin receptors (Fonseka, Richter Mller, 2014). SGAs work principally by antagonizing or blocking the dopamine action at its receptors that in turn decreases the chemical signals that drives the violent or psychotic behaviour. The rationale for choosing this class of drugs is that EPS risk is less that are characterized by tremors, muscular rigidity, restlessness, shuffling movement and muscular spasms that result in abnormal posture (Nielsen et al., 2015). This new generation of antipsychotics are better tolerated and superior in the treatment of negative schizophrenic symptoms. It also reduces the tardive dyskinesia having more clinical efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The areas of brain where cognition and emotion balance are affected by dopamine and serotonin; SGAs perform dual function to reset the balance when altered. Therefore, this class of drugs balances the disturbances in neurotransmitters that are manifested in schizophrenia being the best pharmacological treatment option. However, SGAs can cause side effects and bad interactions when used with other medications. It may cause uncontrollable movements like tremors, muscle spasms, weight gain, drowsiness, dizziness, restlessness, dry mouth, vomiting. The safe administration is important and among the MDT, nurses play the vital role in understanding the medication pharmacology, side effects and contraindications in a hospital setting. According to Divac et al., (2014) nurses lack in-depth knowledge about antipsychotics and fail to identify the potential adverse side effect of antipsychotics. Therefore, nurses have to consider parameters like patient safety, Extrapyramidal Syndromes, metabolic considerations, QTc Prolongation and Torsades de Pointes and employ patient education. Routine assessment of neurological status, ambulatory status and orthostatic vital signs is important for patient safety. Nurse should look for the EPS via early detection and look for serum glucose, weight, serum lipids and choles terol levels in the patient. Finally, for the safe use of drugs and reduce side effects, patient should be educated to look for the adverse effects and encourage them to continue with the prescribed medications. Another intervention is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) that treats the schizophrenia residual symptoms (both positive and negative types). CBT help the patients to learn them to live better, avoid relapse and reduction in certain symptoms. A psychotherapist helps the patient to change their perspectives of harmful or destructive beliefs and reduce suicidal ideation in an outpatient setting. The therapist helps the patient in transforming the negative or harmful cognitive patterns into positive and healthy beliefs (Subramaniam et al., 2012). The rationale for choosing CBT is that it helps patients to identify the triggering symptoms and handle their stresses and responsibilities better while living with the disease. The role of a psychotherapist is not to cure the disease, but to improve the functional ability of the person, independence, better management and reduction of stress that they experience in their daily life. Behavioural experiments, cognitive restructuring, coping sk ill training and self-monitoring are the CBT approaches that help patients to lead a normal life while living with the disease. Community services are also helpful that work in conjunction with the psychiatric care for the schizophrenic patients that minimize the social impact of the disease. Community-based mental health services provide full range of mental health care that are dedicated in the treatment and helping patients to relieve them from distress and enhance social inclusion. There is stigmatization and discrimination regarding mental health disorders and so, community care services emphasize on the improvement of quality of life, de-stigmatization of mental illness and promotion of self-sufficiency. Silver Ribbon in Singapore reaches out to the schizophrenic patients to help them build positive mental health. The community resources provide them an opportunity for the patients to reintegrate into the local community and help them lead a normal life. Singapore Association for Mental Health (SAMH), SACS that provide peer support, illness management and recovery program for schizophrenia. Club Heal ai ms to empower and assist schizophrenic patients to regain confidence and help them in community reintegration. National Council of Social Service provides support to schizophrenic patients for community integration by providing support services for seamless recovery. In Singapore, schizophrenia is the ninth leading cause of disability (2.7% since 2007, disability-adjusted life-years) and has been incorporated in the National Chronic Disease Management for the enhancement of patients care suffering from schizophrenia. It requires MDT approach for care delivery by different healthcare professionals in providing care to the schizophrenic patients. Researchers have identified a gene named C4 or complement component 4 that is involved in immune system that increases the risk of the mental illness. Antipsychotic treatment is the first pharmacological intervention and CBT improve the functional ability of the person, independence, better management and reduction of stress that they experience in their daily life. Community-based mental health services provide full range of mental health care for social inclusion and improve their quality of life. References Chong, S. A., Abdin, E., Vaingankar, J. A., Heng, D., Sherbourne, C., Yap, M., ... Subramaniam, M. (2017). A population-based survey of mental disorders in Singapore. Retrieved from: https://open-access.imh.com.sg/handle/123456789/4547 Divac, N., Prostran, M., Jakovcevski, I., Cerovac, N. (2014). Second-generation antipsychotics and extrapyramidal adverse effects.BioMed research international,2014. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/656370 European Network of National Networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions in Schizophrenia (EU-GEI. (2014). Identifying gene-environment interactions in schizophrenia: contemporary challenges for integrated, large-scale investigations.Schizophrenia bulletin,40(4), 729. Doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbu069 Farmer, R. F., Chapman, A. L. (2016).Behavioral activation. American Psychological Association. Fonseka, T. M., Richter, M. A., Mller, D. J. (2014). Second generation antipsychotic-induced obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia: a review of the experimental literature.Current psychiatry reports,16(11), 510. Doi: 10.1007/s11920-014-0510-8 Howes, O. D., Murray, R. M. (2014). Schizophrenia: an integrated sociodevelopmental-cognitive model.The Lancet,383(9929), 1677-1687. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62036-X Jenkins, T. A. (2013). Perinatal complications and schizophrenia: involvement of the immune system.Frontiers in neuroscience,7. Doi: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00110 Kishimoto, T., Agarwal, V., Kishi, T., Leucht, S., Kane, J. M., Correll, C. U. (2013). Relapse prevention in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of second-generation antipsychotics versus first-generation antipsychotics.Molecular psychiatry,18(1), 53. Doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.143 Lee, A. A., McKibbin, C. L., Bourassa, K. A., Wykes, T. L., Andren, K. A. K. (2014). Depression, diabetic complications and disability among persons with comorbid schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes.Psychosomatics,55(4), 343-351.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2013.12.015 National Institute for Mental Health (2015) Schizophrenia homepage. Retrieved 15 June 2015, from: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml Nielsen, R. E., Levander, S., Kjaersdam Telleus, G., Jensen, S. O. W., stergaard Christensen, T., Leucht, S. (2015). Second?generation antipsychotic effect on cognition in patients with schizophreniaa meta?analysis of randomized clinical trials.Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,131(3), 185-196. Doi: 10.1111/acps.12374 Patel, R., Jayatilleke, N., Jackson, R., Shetty, H., Stewart, R., McGuire, P. (2014). Poster# S170 Identifying Negative Symptoms In Schizophrenia And Association With Clinical Outcomes Using Natural Language Processing.Schizophrenia Research,153, S151.Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(14)70449-9 Reichenberg, A., Cederlf, M., McMillan, A., Trzaskowski, M., Kapara, O., Fruchter, E., ... Plomin, R. (2016). Discontinuity in the genetic and environmental causes of the intellectual disability spectrum.Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences,113(4), 1098-1103. Doi: 10.1073/pnas.1508093112 Ripke, S., Neale, B. M., Corvin, A., Walters, J. T., Farh, K. H., Holmans, P. A., ... Pers, T. H. (2014). Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci.Nature,511(7510), 421. Doi:10.1038/nature13595 Ripke, S., O'Dushlaine, C., Chambert, K., Moran, J. L., Khler, A. K., Akterin, S., ... Kim, Y. (2013). Genome-wide association analysis identifies 13 new risk loci for schizophrenia.Nature genetics,45(10), 1150-1159. doi:10.1038/ng.2742 Sekar, A., Bialas, A. R., de Rivera, H., Davis, A., Hammond, T. R., Kamitaki, N., ... Genovese, G. (2016). Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4.Nature,530(7589), 177. Doi: 10.1038/nature16549 Subramaniam, M., Vaingankar, J., Heng, D., Kwok, K. W., Lim, Y. W., Yap, M., Chong, S. A. (2012). The Singapore Mental Health Study: an overview of the methodology.International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research,21(2), 149-157. Doi: 10.1002/mpr.1351 World Health Organisation (2010). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision version 2010. Retrieved June 20, 2012 from https://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/

The Mayflower free essay sample

The Mayflower by Nathaniel Philbrick. When I first started to read this novel I thought it was going to be boring and a waste of time, but after finishing the book, my opinion has changed. I originally thought that the Native Americans were cruel people who killed innocent people for no reason. Since I read this book, I see thats not true. In this novel, a sachem decided to befriend the pilgrims who came to America on the Mayflower. He saw the pilgrims settle down and decided it was time to learn about them and trade with them. When the pilgrims first arrived at the new world, they saw Native Americans who attacked them and tried to kill them. Once they moved locations, they were still nervous about the Natives. When one of the members of a near by tribe came to make peace, the pilgrims were scared. Once they saw they were not going to harm them, they made peace and traded frequently. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mayflower or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The only problem with this was that once they began trading, the Native Americans developed White Man ways. They taught the pilgrims how to farm and what to grow. Everything was going well until the other colonists began to come in ships from the old world. When they reached the new world, they were friendly with the Natives, but traded guns and other weapons that the Natives would eventually use against them. The colonists became greedy. They took all of the Natives land and in return gave them guns. When the Natives couldnt take it anymore, they fought back. Therefor, hen the colonists gave them guns, they pretty much dug their own graves. The Natives were normal peaceful people. When the colonists came, they messed everything up. The fact is, the Europeans made the Natives savage. The Europeans were the cruel ones. After finishing this novel, I learned a lot of things. But most importantly, I learned that the Europeans were the cruel ones, while the Natives started out friendly. If it wasnt for the Europeans being greedy and wanting more food and land than what they needed, none of the wars would have happened.

WaldenTone Essay Research Paper In Walden Henry free essay sample

Walden-Tone Essay, Research Paper In Walden, Henry David Thoreau s tone, his attitude towards the topic, has two facets. His attitude towards nature was a positive one of regard and astonishment. His attitude towards the reader, the general populace, or the mean citizen alterations through the class of the work from feel foring to knocking to reassuring and reding. Thoreau viewed nature as a instructor ; he did, after all, journey to Walden pool to look merely the indispensable facts of life and larn what ( nature ) had to learn. ( 66 ) This attitude that nature is the instructor and we are the pupils continued throughout Thoreau s narrative. Thoreau explained that work forces travel into the universe at first as a huntsman, a fisher until at last # 8230 ; he distinguishes his proper objects, as a poet or naturalist # 8230 ; The mass of work forces are still and ever immature in this regard ( 149 ) . He depicted nature in a positive tone ; he had good things to state about both the stages of the twenty-four hours and the seasons of the twelvemonth. We will write a custom essay sample on WaldenTone Essay Research Paper In Walden Henry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He describe the forenoon, the most memorable season of the twenty-four hours ( 64 ) and the delightful eventide ( 90 ) . He depicted the soft rain that watered his workss ( 92 ) and some of his most gratifying hours, happening during the long rainstorms in spring or autumn ( 93 ) . In the winter he weathered some merry blizzards and spent some cheerful winter eventides by his hearth while the snow whirled without. ( 172 ) Spring was the phenomenon that is more stimulating than any other season because Walden lives once more. ( 205 ) Thoreau depicted nature with a tone of admiration and astonishment. He felt that cipher could to the full grok nature s function in life. He said that we know merely a few of nature s Torahs ( 194 ) , and that, with respects to the admirations of nature, cipher knows, but many pretend to cognize. ( 124 ) He approached nature as a Godhead presence on Earth, comparing assorted trees to temples and unit of ammunition tabular arraies of the Gods. He compared berries to wild out fruits, excessively just for mortal gustatory sensations. Thoreau said that these were the shrines he visited both in the summer and in the winter ( 137 ) He genuinely believed that the Earth we tread is every bit promising as heaven itself, proclaiming that Eden is under our pess every bit good as over our caputs ( 189 ) . Thoreau stressed that we can neer hold adequate nature. We must be refreshed by the sight of unlimited energy, huge and titanic characteristics, the sea-coast with its wrecks, the wilderness with its life and disintegrating trees, the boom cloud, and the rain which lasts three hebdomads and provides spates. ( 211 ) Thoreau had the attitude that all of nature- whether it appears to be helpful or harmful- tantrums into a mater program, one that is designed for all. Unlike his attitude towards nature, Thoreau s attitude towards other people alterations through the class of Walden. When the narrative begins, Thoreau displayed a feeling of commiseration towards his fellow adult male who lead lives of quiet despair. ( 10 ) He believes that the better portion of a adult males being is plowed in to the dirt for compost ( 8 ) ; the mean individual is necessarily lost in the machinery we call society. He besides said that he felt sorry for those whose bad luck it is to hold inherited†¦for ( ownerships ) are more easy acquired than gotten rid of. ( 10 ) Those who inherit are draw further into the philistinism that characterizes today s society. Thoreau s tone bit by bit shifts towards unfavorable judgment and incredulity. In the 2nd chapter, Thoreau explained that a adult male is rich in proportion to the things he can afford to allow entirely but most of our lives are frittered away by item ( 60 ) . He criticized those who merely accepted society s ends and values inquiring why should we strike hard under and travel with the watercourse? ( 70 ) In the following chapter Thoreau criticized the literary penchants of his fellow towns people and instruction in general, stating that most had no gustatory sensation for the best # 8230 ; in literature ( the classics ) ( 76 ) . He stated with a shade of humourous cynicism that most work forces are still afraid of the dark ( 92 ) for no justifiable ground. Of our society in general, Thoreau stated that society is inexpensive, and that people are polite merely to do their meetings tolerable ( 95 ) . He called us greed and selfish ( 114 ) for claiming to posses a portion of nature. H e besides blamed society s philistinism for common offense, stating that if all work forces lived every bit merely as he did, hooking and robbery would be unknown. ( 119 ) Once Thoreau had exhaustively put down both our society and its members, he began to take on a reassuring and reding tone. He began by explicating how of import it is for people to travel out and really be active, to acquire our custodies dirty. He said that it is a coarse mistake to say that you have tasted huckleberry who neer plucked them ( 119 ) In Housewarming Thoreau once more discussed the importance of really making something as opposed to merely reading about it when he went about constructing his chimney and explained the procedure of chopping wood. In chapter eleven, Thoreau said that all we have to make is listen to our ethical motives because goodness is the lone virtuousness that neer fails ( 148 ) , and that we can break the universe by reforming ourselves, for we are the sculpturers and painters, and our stuff is our flesh and blood and castanetss ( 150 ) . In the decision Thoreau explained that what we do now will consequence the universe for of all time, for the sur face of the Earth is soft and impressionable by the pess of people. ( 214 ) One of Thoreau s purposes when composing this philosophical work was to show his doctrine to others. This would explicate why his attitude towards the reader varied more significantly than his attitude towards nature. Thoreau felt nature was a godly presence on Earth. He believed that people could turn closer to this by simplifying their lives. To acquire this message across Thoreau foremost told the reader what they couldn t control, where they were non the 1s at mistake. He so explained to them the mistakes that they were responsible for. Finally, he explained to them the possibilities, what could be.

Sentence Variety - What It Is and How to Achieve It

Sentence Variety - What It Is and How to Achieve It In a composition, sentence variety refers to the practice of varying the length and structure of sentences to avoid monotony and provide appropriate emphasis. Grammar checkers are of little help with sentence variety, says  Diana Hacker. It takes a human ear to know when and why  sentence variety is  needed (Rules for Writers, 2009). Observations Sentence variety is a means by which the writer helps the reader to understand which ideas are most important, which ideas support or explain other ideas, etc. Variety of sentence structures is also a part of style and voice.(Douglas E. Grudzina and Mary C. Beardsley, Three Simple Truths and Six Essential Traits for Powerful Writing: Book One. Prestwick House, 2006) Thomas S. Kane on Ways to Achieve Sentence Variety Recurrence means repeating a basic sentence pattern. Variety means changing the pattern. Paradoxical as it sounds, good sentence style must do both. Enough sameness must appear in the sentences to make the writing seem all of a piece; enough difference to create interest...Of course, in composing a sentence that differs from others, a writer is more concerned with emphasis than with variety. But if it is usually a by-product, variety is nonetheless important, an essential condition of interesting, readable prose. Let us consider, a few ways in which variety may be attained. Changing Sentence Length and Pattern It is not necessary, or even desirable, to maintain a strict alternation of long and short statements. You need only an occasional brief sentence to change the pace of predominately long ones, or a long sentence now and then in a passage composed chiefly of short ones ...... Used with restraint, fragments ... are a simple way to vary your sentences. They are, however, more at home in a colloquial style than in a formal one. Rhetorical Questions ...  [R]hetorical questions are rarely used for variety alone. Their primary purpose is to emphasize a point or to set up a topic for discussion. Still, whenever they are employed for such ends, they are also a source of variety ... Varied Openings Monotony especially threatens when sentence after sentence begins the same way. It is easy to open with something other than the usual subject and verb: a prepositional phrase; an adverbial clause; a connective like therefore or an adverb like naturally; or, immediately following the subject and splitting it from the verb, a nonrestrictive adjectival construction. . . . Interrupted Movement Interruptionpositioning a modifier or even a second, independent sentence between main elements of a clause so that pauses are required on either side of the intrudernicely varies straightforward movement. (Thomas S. Kane, The New Oxford Guide to Writing. Oxford University Press, 1988) A Strategy for Evaluating Sentence Variety Use the following strategy to review your writing for variety in terms of sentence beginnings, lengths, and types: - In one column on a piece of paper, list the opening words in each of your sentences. Then decide if you need to vary some of your sentence beginnings.- In another column, identify the number of words in each sentence. Then decide if you need to change the lengths of some of your sentences.- In a third column, list the kinds of sentences used (exclamatory, declarative, interrogative, and so on). Then . . . edit your sentences as needed. (Randall VanderMey, Verne Meyer, John Van Rys, and Patrick Sebranek. The College Writer: A Guide to Thinking, Writing, and Researching, 3rd ed. Wadsworth, 2008) William H. Gasss 282-Word Sentence on Sentence Length and Variety Anyone who looks with care into the good books shall find in them sentences of every length, on every imaginable subject, expressing the entire range of thoughts and feelings possible, in styles both as unified and various as the colors of the spectrum; and sentences that take such notice of the world that the world seems visible in their pages, palpable, too, so a reader might fear to touch those paragraphs concerned with conflagrations or disease or chicanery lest they be victimized, infected, or burned; yet such sentences as make the taste of sweet earth and fresh airthings that seem ordinarily without an odor or at all attractive to the tongueas desirable as wine to sip or lip to kiss or bloom to smell; for instance this observation from a poem of Elizabeth Bishop’s: ‘Greenish-white dogwood infiltrated the wood, each petal burned, apparently, by a cigarette butt’well, she’s right; go lookor this simile for style, composed by Marianne Moore: ‘It is as though the equidistant three tiny arcs of seeds in a banana had been conjoined by Palestrina’peel the fruit, make the cut, scan the score, hear the harpsichord transform these seeds into music (you can eat the banana later); yet also, as you read these innumerable compositions, to find there lines that take such flight from the world that the sight of it is wholly lost, and, as Plato and Plotinus urge, that reach a height where only the features of the spirit, of mind and its dreams, the pure formations of an algebraic absolute, can be made out; for the o’s in the phrase ‘good books’ are like owl’s eyes, watchful and piercing and wise. (William H. Gass, To a Young Friend Charged With Possession of the Classics. A Temple of Texts. Alfred A. Knopf, 2006)

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT 1 - Essay Example Thus, the lessons learned at the early age become the foundation for an individual’s growth in the professional life. In addition, the experience gained in life within a shorter period of time is also imperative towards shaping the professional life of an individual. In my case, it was engineering and for Mr. Ramsay’s case it was the field of sports. Such decisions are taken at so early age, that there is hardly any self- knowledge or experience to support, whatever the decision has been made is the best and justifies the background to which an individual belongs. Thus, the best thing in this aspect is to expect that the future will be bright and will offer loads of opportunities. This study aims to shed light on the qualities of an entrepreneur and evaluate whether I posses those qualities or not. In order to verify it, the study will pursue different techniques. Once the characteristics and definition of entrepreneurship is being identified, a known entrepreneur will be chosen and his qualities will be compared with mine. A General Enterprising Tendency (GET) Test will be also carried out. Furthermore, interview session will be also held to get deeper insights. On the basis of the findings, a conclusion to the study will be drawn. Introduction – What Entrepreneurship Means to Me From the childhood days, I had a fascination on technology and as a result of that I have always been enthralled with new technological innovations. It is the interest in technology, which made me feel that innovation and discovery has been the fuel of comprehensive development of the society. My early role model was Charles Babbage, who is also known as the father of computers and the inventor of computers. However, with the course of time it shifted from an inventor to an entrepreneur. As I came to know about the life story of Bill Gates and understood the contribution made by him in the society, I contentedly considered him to be my role model. In addition, I a lso consider the recent sensation, Mark Zuckerberg to be one of my role models. When I slowly started to gain knowledge on social science, my perception of an entrepreneur was a person who has the ability to take risk and open a new firm. Although, the meaning of entrepreneurship, which I identified later, was much broader, this definition was not fully impractical. Rather, it was supported by a renowned scholar, where he states that entrepreneurs are the person who undertakes the risk of new enterprise (Mohanty 1). However, later I realized entrepreneur to be someone who has the ability to make correct judgmental decision pertaining to the coordination of sparse resources. In addition, I have also identified that an entrepreneur is an individual and not a committee, team or an organization. With deeper thought, I have been also able to identify that there are two types of entrepreneur namely successful entrepreneur and unsuccessful entrepreneur. Now, when I compare myself with succ essful entrepreneurs, I found that I also have the tendency to become self-suffice. However, I do not consider myself to be entrepreneur as I am yet to develop a firm which is self sustaining. Moreover, I also believe that a huge different exists between â€Å"thinking of becoming an entrepreneur† and ultimately â€Å"becoming a successful entrepreneur†. The challenge for every potential successful entrep

Boston 2024 Olympic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Boston 2024 Olympic - Research Paper Example The bidding process starts with the invitation phase where the IOC invites applications from interested National Olympic Committees (NOCs) to bid 10 years before the commencement of the Olympic Games. The election of the host city is done by the IOC members within the next two years. The host city thus has full seven years to prepare for staging the prestigious event. The bidding process for the 2024 Olympic Games is in process at the moment. Bids can be sent to the IOC between January 15, 2015 and September 15, 2015 (Swidey, 2015). The United States Olympic Committee (USOC) has selected Boston as the applicant city to host the 2024 Olympic Games. Boston was chosen ahead of Los Angeles,  San Francisco, and  Washington, DC  so far as the official bid for 2024 Olympics from United States is concerned. John Fish, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Suffolk Construction is the Chairman of the organizing team Boston 2024. The team boasts of many other experienced people from all walks of life including former Olympians. The final selection of the host city will be announced by the IOC in 2017. In the meantime, Boston will co-ordinate with USOC and collaborate with the local community to develop its bid and submit it to the IOC in December 2016. The necessary funds required for all this work will be privately funded. Boston will benefit in numerous ways if it hosts the 2024 Olympic Games. The city is scheduled to celebrate its 400th anniversary in 2030. The preparation and infrastructural development for the 2024 Olympics will play a pivotal role in achieving the city’s vision for the monumental year 2030 as well. The planning committee of the 2024 Boston Olympic Games has categorically stated that the event will be dedicated to future of the city (Kamp and Futterman, 2015). The Vision of Boston 2024 is to create a better future for all stakeholders. The Games will create a lot of jobs in Boston. Some of the jobs will be direct in nature. For example,

Can Glee be called a musical in the classical sense Dissertation

Can Glee be called a musical in the classical sense - Dissertation Example This "Can Glee be called a musical in the classical sense?" dissertation describes particular features of the musical and analyze Glee to answer the question if we can count it as classical musical or no. The musical began as early as the 1600s, usually which was referred to as a narrative like opera. The main component was to create a hybrid model of the performances between acting and music. The narrative would depict the main ideals that were being told in the story, while the musical numbers were able to pause to reflect on the emotions and responses from the characters according to what was occurring within the plot. The musical numbers are able to take the viewer outside of the reality of what is occurring and break into the songs to show the other perspectives of what is occurring within the film. This is followed with narrative, performance and the dance gestures which follow each of the musical components as well as the overall structure of the musical. By adding in the hybr id expressions for the musical, there was the ability to have more creative expressions and freedom that allowed the viewer to understand the context of the narrative differently, either for entertainment or to deepen the meaning of the main film. The different concepts of the musical move beyond the interchanges of form and medium and into ways in which the musical is able to create a significant change to the overall feel of the performance. In both theater and film musicals, there is the use of music to change the context of the performance. ... he musical, there was the ability to have more creative expressions and freedom that allowed the viewer to understand the context of the narrative differently, either for entertainment or to deepen the meaning of the main film (Cohan, pg. 59). The different concepts of the musical move beyond the interchanges of form and medium and into ways in which the musical is able to create a significant change to the overall feel of the performance. In both theater and film musicals, there is the use of music to change the context of the performance and viewpoint of those that are watching the drama. The first component to this is the idea of repetition. The songs that are used in musicals comprise of three verses and choruses that are repeated in between the verses. When this goes outside of the traditional formula, then there is a noticed line which is repeated, known as the hook. The music then changes the context and meaning, specifically because the repetition is able to drive a theme for ward which couldn’t be heard or displayed in a regular narrative. The effect of repetition, combined with the several hybrid expressions intertwined with this, such as the gestures and dance, are then able to emphasize parts of the musical and create a different effect when speaking to the audience about the most important factors noted in a specific point of the musical (Kramer, pg. 180). The underlying component that is used with the musical then leads to the conventions of the musicals, specifically which becomes a synthesis of music / dialogue / dance and emotion combined with narrative. Instead of creating a linear form that is often expressed in other types of music, there is a focus on the hybrid definition of interchanging works, some which are used for emphasis, and others which

History and Overview of Pulse Oximetry

History and Overview of Pulse Oximetry Pulse Oximetery Leslie Bruchey Introduction to Pulse Oximetry Pulse oximetry has changed the medical field for eternity. The ability to be able to monitor a patient’s oxygen saturation noninvasively has become a standard of care for those who are in the hospital. Pulse oximetry is the ability to measure the oxygen saturation of arterial blood using a pulse oximeter (Pulse oximetry,n.d†). This allows the body to be externally monitored and help maintain the oxygen saturation. The pulse oximeter allows for someone’s oxygen saturation to be measured in a matter of seconds instead of drawling an arterial blood gas which requires a needle and about fifteen minutes to have the results (Arterial Blood Gas, n.d.). History of the Pulse Oximeter A pulse oximeter is a device that allows for noninvasive measurement of a person’s oxygen saturation within their body to make sure their body has adequate oxygenation to prevent fatigue, shortness of breath, becoming disoriented or even leave the body with permanent damage (Brite, 2010). Glenn Milikan was able to create a â€Å"light-weight optical device† that was able to be placed on the earlobe to monitor pilots oxygen levels while flying during World War II (Tremper, n.d). When Milikan developed this device he used Beer- Lambert’s law which believes that using light and wave length can determine that concentration of a solution (Tremper, n.d). In this case, this theory was able to revolutionize the pulse oximeter. This new technology was able to help give doctors and scientists the ability to look inside the body without making the person uncomfortable, or affect their performance in the pilot’s case. In 1964 a surgeon in San Francisco continued to de velop the pulse oximeter and then it started to be distributed by Hewlett Packard in the 1970’s. This pulse oximeter was the first one to be used in a hospital setting and was a large, bulky 35lbs piece of equipment. Not only was it large and bulky, it also cost about ten thousand dollars. (History of Pulse Oximetry, 2002).The pulse oximeter has come a long way over the years and has become crucial in the medical field. How the Pulse Oximeter Works When thinking about pulse oximetry, one may wonder how a pulse oximeter works. This technology allows the health care professionals to see how well someone is oxygenating their blood. The blood is oxygenated through the lungs and then the blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body to organs and tissues to provide the needed oxygenation (A Patients Guide to Heart, n.d.). The way the pulse oximeter works is it looks at how oxygenated the blood is. Blood that is holding onto more hemoglobin absorbs more of the light that is provided by the pulse oximeter and allows more red light to pass through. Blood that has less oxygen will not absorb as much, leading to a lower oxygen saturation percentage (Principles of Pulse Oximetry, 2002). Types of Pulse Oximeters Today’s society, pulse oximeters can come in all different shapes and sizes. In the hospital setting, they can be portable with just as big as a D battery. This type just slips on a finger or ear and then is turned on to have a reading of the person’s oxygen saturation and pulse rate. Another type that is common in a hospital setting is one that is hooked to a monitor in the room and is a piece of tape that can be wrapped around the finger to continuously monitor the oxygen situation. This type is great in an Intensive Care Unit or someone who needs to be monitored closely. Not only are pulse oximeters used in the health care facility, but there also used for personal use, especially for someone who already has compromised lungs and needs to be able to monitor their own oxygen saturation whenever they may feel short of breath or are experiencing other symptoms of low oxygenation. Pulse oximters are easy to obtain online or through a medical supply company. Online a port able pulse oximeter can range from twenty dollars to several hundreds of dollars depending on the brand and the other options that not only pertain to measuring oxygen saturation (How Much Does a Pulse, n.d.). Reasons to Monitor Oxygen Saturation Some of the reasons that oxygen saturation would be tested is for surgery, procedures that involve sedation, diseases such as COPD, anemia, lung cancer and anything that may compromise the effectiveness of the lungs that would prevent adequate oxygenation of the blood (Oximetry, n.d.).With the health care professionals being able to monitor someone’s oxygen saturation, they are able to intervene sooner and prevent further complications. Oxygen Saturation The normal range for a person’s oxygen saturation should be between 96% to 99% in someone who has no respiratory issues. For someone who has mild respiratory trouble, their range should be anywhere from 90% and above. When one’s oxygen level becomes less than 90 for an extended period of time, they need to seek medical attention to prevent further complications (Pulse oximeter readings, 2010). If someone is experiencing low oxygen saturation, some of the symptoms they could be experiencing are shortness of breath and cyanosis which means the skin may have a blue appearance due to the lack of oxygen rich blood (Veach, 2011). If someone is experiencing these symptoms, they should seek medical attention. Interventions for Low Oxygen Saturations If someone is suffering from inadequate oxygenation, there a few different ways to intervene. One way is to place an oxygen mask on the patient. This will allow extra oxygen to support the persons lungs in providing more oxygen and preventing them from working harder to breath (Bateman Leach, 1998). Also if the situation is not remedied, other inventions may include an invasive arterial blood gas, BIPAP/ CPAP, which will push air into the lungs and support the lungs. All these interventions are imitated based on pulse oximetry monitoring of a patient’s oxygen saturation. Conclusion Pulse oximetery has become a revolutionary change in medicine over the years. Now that health care professionals are able to monitor a patient’s oxygen saturation noninvasively at any given time, early intervention can be put in place such as supplemental oxygen to prevent complications or even death. With the invention of the pulse oximeter and the ability to monitor the oxygen saturation without being invasive to the person has become a great contribution. If pulse oximetery and the pulse oximeter were never invented, what would happen to people in the hospital? Would everyone have to be stuck just to find out a basic measurement every few hours? This invention, has allowed people to keep their comfort, while allowing others to have access to needed data to treat them properly. The pulse oximeter has changed the way hospitals and the health care professionals monitor oxygen saturation forever. Works Cited A patients guide to heart surgery. (n.d.). Retrieved from University of Southern California website: http://www.cts.usc.edu/ Arterial blood gas. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://almostadoctor.co.uk Bateman, N., Leach, R. (1998). Acute oxygen therapy. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Brite, S. (2010). Importance of oxygen monitoring. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com/ History of pulse oximetry. (2002, September 10). Retrieved from Oximetry.org website: http://www.oximetry.org/ How much does a pulse oximeter cost. (n.d.). Retrieved January 19, 2014, from Google website: http://www.google.com Oximetry. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org Principles of pulse oximetry technology. (2002, September 10). Retrieved from Oximetry.org website: http://www.oximetry.org Pulse oximetry. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com Pulse oximeter readings. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.amperorassociates.co.uk Tremper, K. n.d. Pulse oximetry. Retrieved from http://journal.publications.chestnet.org Veach, M. (2011, March 10). What are effects of low blood oxygen levels?. Retrieved from www.livestrong.com

Dynamic Change and Collaborative Learning Environments :: Education, Leadership and Organizational Theory

Dynamic Change and Collaborative Learning Environments The continuous transformation in educational organization requires investigation of how the organization can be equipped to collaboratively handle constant changes and still improve. Leadership and organizational theory provide the support into looking at how an organization functions and how change happens within that organization. Educational organizations are always trying to catch up; hence, a system of improvement is necessary for teachers to have direct access to in-house experts to learn. (W. W. Burke, 2008) identifies an educational environment as an â€Å"open system† because it depends on a constant connection with the environment. The literature offers many distinctions about the â€Å"what† of change, such as planned or unplanned; however, there is a lack of information about the â€Å"why† and â€Å"how† of implementing change. Burke (2008) refers to the â€Å"what† part of change as content and the â€Å"how† as the process. As stated by Burke (2008), â€Å"†¦management consulting tends to focus on the content- on what needs to be changed. The process of how to bring about the change is either ignored or left to others, especially the client, to implement† (p. 165). Dufour and Eaker (1998), report that trying to change beliefs and habits will be complex and difficult to achieve. They state, â€Å"†¦if a change initiative is to be sustained, the elements of that change must be embedded with in the culture of the school† (p. 133). As stated by Fullan (2008), â€Å"Systems can learn on a continuous basis. The synergistic result of the previous five secrets in action is tantamount to a system that learns from itself† (p 14). Performance and outcomes will always change so the system will have to learn from itself in order to move forward with changes for continual success. In addition, Bandura (1997) supports the idea of a system learning from itself when he s ays that people can and do control their own motivation and thought process using observation and self-assessment to change their behaviors and attain goals. Peer observation is one way the system (the school) can learn from itself. The Professional Learning Community as a whole is the stakeholder. Administrators, teachers, staff, and students all hold a piece to the success of a community of learners that look to increase their knowledge capacity by learning from each other.

Pros and Cons of Forming an LLC

Among the foremost choice an individual might encounter as a business owner might be, if at all or not to register his business or set up a limited liability company – LLC. (Evaluating Incorporating a Business or Forming a Limited Liability Company (LLC)) Setting up a Limited Liability Company –LLC has come to be an accepted choice in case of solely managed businesses and partnerships who have considered setting up a corporation with a view to safeguard one’s own assets. (Why More Business Owners  Choose LLCs) LLCs pose a better option in case of corporations and partnerships as these are equipped with a lot of advantages of both.A limited liability company, or â€Å"LCC†, therefore is a business which is not incorporated and has the twin features of a corporation as well as a partnership. This organization is especially appropriate in case of family businesses, professional licensees, non-US resident owners and businesses running overseas. (Incorporatin g Questions) An LLC is sometimes depicted as a blend of a partnership and a corporation. This is due to the fact that a LLC mixes the tax benefits and management adjustability of a partnership with the liability protection of a corporation. (Why More Business Owners  Choose LLCs)The benefits of forming an LLC remains that the members are given limited liability and have been charged taxes similar to that of a partnership. Through the formation of an LLC in place of a corporation, an individual avails of the entire spectrum of advantages of setting up a corporation, however one can stay clear from a few problems that one might face if he sets up a corporation. (For Entrepreneurs: Forming an LLC) The maximum advantage of forming a company or setting up an LLC lies in its scope to segregate one’s personal identity from one business, lowering the possibility of one’s own assets becoming implicated by business debts or lawsuits. The additional benefit comprises likely tax benefits, simpler access to capital funding, ownership secrecy and centralized management. (Frequently Asked Questions: About Incorporating)Particularly, at the time when an individual forms a corporation, he is taxed twice. This irritation is possible to circumvent, in case he sets up an LLC. The LLC permits more than one owner, or members. Moreover, a managing member is present, who also avails the benefits of limited liability and is naturally the person in charge of the management of the business. It is the proprietor’s personal income tax returns through which the profits or losses go through directly on their Form 1040.The LLC books a Form 1065, and subsequently makes a record of every member’s taxable profit on Form K-1. To put in different words, the LLC itself never files taxes. This is the implication of avoiding double taxation with an LLC. In case of a corporation, it works in a different manner. Taxes are imposed on the corporation, and, consequently shou ld file taxes. Subsequently, distributions to the proprietors are taxed. In spirit, the government charges twice from one’s revenues in place of once in case of an LLC as opposed to a corporation. (For Entrepreneurs: Forming an LLC)  LLCs possess a higher flexibility at the management level compared to corporations. (Why More Business Owners  Choose LLCs) In case of setting up an LLC, two alternatives for organizing the management of the LLC are there: â€Å"Member-managed† or â€Å"manager-managed†. The proprietor of LLCs, those who are current members in the management of their business sometimes set up an LLC which is managed by the member. In case of LLC which is managed by the member, management authority and obligatory authority remains with all of the members or owners of the LLC.â€Å"Manager Management† is the place in which one or more people irrespective of proprietors are chosen to shoulder responsibility for managing the LLC. The propriet ors who are themselves not owners, at times family members those who have put in their money in the company just relax and share in the profits of LLC. In case of an LLC having a manager, simply the appointed managers possess a chance to vote on management decisions and function as the agents of the LLC. Managers may or may not also be members of the LLC. In some instances, the concern in a manager-managed LLC might be contemplated to be the securities with the condition that it is registered with the federal and/or state government. (Advantages of Forming an LLC)An additional benefit of setting up an LLC is the safeguard given to the proprietors from personal liability in case of business debts and/or claims. Since, just LLC assets are made use of for meeting business liabilities, LLC owners become the loser of just the money which they have invested in the LLC. As against this, sole business owners and general partnerships give no limited liability protection in case of their owne rs- rendering the owners of sole proprietorships and partnerships to be liable in their individual capacities for every debt, claims and obligations linked with business.Setting up an LLC can even be a big option for partners seeking flexibility in the means they share ownerships and profits. As against corporate shareholding whose ownership of stock and share of profits should be in percentage of their investment, partners in an LLC can normally share ownership in any manner they think it to be suitable. For instance, ownership of an LLC having two partners can be subdivided halfway in case they decide as such and in that case each partner might not have to pool half of the total capital investment. Besides, as against corporations, LLCs function somewhat unofficially. For instance, LLCs are normally permitted to function with no restrictions on the annual ownership and management meetings. (Advantages of Forming an LLC)Nevertheless it continues to a good norm to conduct meetings a nd keep a record of decisions, however, no one is under any compulsion to act in that manner under majority of the state rules. Because of this, an individual can have considerably more time in his hand, placing one in charge of and when meetings are held, as one considers vital. Besides, proprietors of LLCs who are against accepting default tax classifications have the choice of choosing an independent tax classification. For instance, an LLC might choose to be taxed as a corporation.This choice is made by submitting the filled in IRS Form 8832. An LLC which prefers to be imposed taxes as a corporation continue to reserve the legal features of an LLC under the rules governing LLCs in the state in which it is established, however it is considered as a corporation for purposed of taxes, put under corporate income tax rates and the same tax considerations related to conventional corporations. An LLC might also prefer to be taxed just like an S corporation. This preference is exercised by submitting the IRS Form 2553. (Advantages of Forming an LLC) Finally, as against corporations, it is not customary for LLCs to conduct an annual meeting and draft meeting minutes. (Why More Business Owners  Choose LLCs)But what is the reason behind everyone not joining the LLC brigade? Are there any demerits of an LLC? What is the reason behind every corporation in the world not getting converted to a LLC status? What are the reasons behind the continued formation of the conventional C corporations and S corporations? There are not many answers to that question. (For Entrepreneurs: Forming an LLC) To speak the truth, everything is far from being perfect. Some costs and problems arise from running an LLC. LLC possesses the demerits of being less popular.The limited liability company is the latest arrival on the corporate scene. Even though this is changing fast, some individuals are not aware about LLC compared to a conventional corporation – which is something to think about when attracting investors and so on. (LLCs: Do They Make Sense for Your Business?) As a lot of companies will be looking forward to investment from outside sources and will be presenting stock options to employees, several angel investors and venture capital firms continue to be gun-shy regarding investing in LLCs as this is a new business set up that is hardly intelligible. (For Entrepreneurs: Forming an LLC)An additional preference of the C Corporation over the LLC is that legal companies are poised to possess a lot more boilerplate accord for C Corporations compared to a LLC. Therefore, one might be incurring more legal expenses in the formation of an LLC as more time is required to be devoted by the lawyer during drafting agreements. Indeed, this will transform with the passage of time as greater number of business companies espouse LLC category. (For Entrepreneurs: Forming an LLC) LLC also face the demerits of higher costs incurred in banking. In case of accounts for smal l businesses or unofficial partnership, these are sometimes free, till an individual maintains a higher balance.However a bank account in case of a limited liability company will possibly charge fees of $10, $20 or higher every month. LLC possess more intricate tax returns. An LLC will submit its own tax return in case it is running as a partnership firm, C corporation, or S corporation. This implies one’s expenses for tax return will be close to few thousand dollars annually. Besides, as documents in case of a limited liability corporation are required to be filed with the state, as against a general partnership, it implies tardiness to a little extent. (LLCs: Do They Make Sense for Your Business?)To conclude, it might be held that LLCs are a superb establishment whose reputation is rising. LLCs are among the most adaptable business establishments available which are perfect in case of small or fresh companies. In case of a lot of new businesses, establishing an LLC implies the ideal of both scenarios. Akin to a partnership, taxes are imposed directly to the business, evading the double taxation problem with the corporations. Moreover, akin to corporations, LLCs present liability shield in case of owners and their assets.Additionally, lesser concurrent needs and rules and regulations minimize the extent of paperwork and maintenance required to safeguard an LLC’s standing, thereby rendering them safer compared to corporations. But, LLCs is not everybody’s cup of tea, since it has its demerits too. It is important to know regarding the advantages of LLCs and also its disadvantages.ReferencesAdvantages of Forming an LLC.For Entrepreneurs: Forming an LLC.

Heilbroners Worldly Philosphers essays

Heilbroners Worldly Philosphers essays 1. People looking to trade in their old car for money off of their new car become discouraged with the low trade in value, and decide either not to buy a new car at all or to buy a cheaper model. The lower car sales is a reduction in demand, because the decrease in resale value of used cars is not changing the prices of the new cars, as a change in quantity demanded would suggest, it is changing what people are willing to pay for the cars. A graph of the new demand curve would actually be shifted to the left of the old demand curve, because the price of new cars has not changed, but the number of new cars being sold has changed. 2. Escalating consumer debt, higher interest rates, and slow growth in real income are all making it difficult for consumers to purchase cars. These factors also are not changing the price of cars, and so they are changes in demand, not quantity demanded. In other words, these factors are shifting the entire demand curve to the left. 3. Ford and Toyota are making the price of buying a new car cheaper, hoping that more people will want to purchase new cars. This is an attempt to change the quantity demanded. Ford and Toyota are hoping that their efforts will move them downward on a demand curve, hence more will people buy the less-expensive new cars. An advertising campaign. If Toyota and Ford were to start a new advertising campaign, they would be attempting to change the demand. With a new advertising campaign, the car companies are hoping that the demand curve would shift back to the right and more people would buy the cars they are making at a price that returns their profit to its original level. Answers to "Use Your Economic Reasoning" on pages 82 1. The U.S. has already mined most of its high-quality, accessible natural resource deposits. Other countries still have many high-quality, accessible deposits of natural resources. 2. Technology is helping U.S. firms to lower costs, b...

How Insulin Was Discovered

How Insulin Was Discovered The experiment that led to the initial discovery of insulin- the hormone manufactured in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood- almost didn’t happen. How Insulin Almost Wasnt Discovered For years scientists have suspected that the secret to controlling elevated levels of glucose lay in the inner reaches of the pancreas. And when, in 1920, a Canadian surgeon named Frederick Banting approached the head of the University of Toronto’s physiology department with an idea about finding that secret, he was initially rebuffed. Banting suspected a mysterious hormone was being produced in a section of the pancreas called the islets of Langerhans. He theorized that the hormone was getting destroyed by the pancreas’ digestive juices. If he could shut down the pancreas but keep the islets of Langerhans working, he might find the missing substance. Fortunately, Banting’s persuasive powers prevailed and department head John McLeod gave him lab space, 10 Langerhans hormone before it could be isolated. If he could stop the pancreas from working, but keep the islets of Langerhans going, he should be able to find the stuff!  experimental dogs, and a medical student assistant named Charles Best. By August of 1921, Banting and Best succeeded in extracting hormones from the islets of Langerhans- which they called insulin after the Latin word for island. When they injected the insulin into dogs with high blood sugar levels, those levels dropped quickly. With McLeod now taking an interest, the men worked quickly to duplicate the results and then set about running a test on a human subject, 14-year-old Leonard Thompson, who saw his blood sugar levels lower and his urine cleared of sugars. The team published there findings in 1923 and Banting and McLeod were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine (Banting shared his award money with Best).  On June 3, 1934,  Banting was knighted for his medical discovery. He was killed in an air crash in 1941.

The Destruction and Purification of Fire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Destruction and Purification of Fire - Essay Example A specific identity which is associated with religious symbolism and belief is that of purification, evil and good through both creation and destruction. When looking at media items, there is a direct correlation with the symbolism of religion and the association with items to identify the symbolism that is a part of it (Cooper, 1987, 66). A current symbolism and identity associated with evil is with the ideology of fire and destruction which is a part of the association with the symbol. The fire that is seen in the media directly correlates to the ideas of fire and the symbols which this holds for various traditions. The symbol which is associated with religious symbolism is fire. According to Cooper, fire is identified as a powerful force because of the destructive force which tears apart and causes loss for those in society and may also lead to purification or enlightenment. From one perspective, it is known to generate or create life, specifically when looking at it from the pers pective of the sun. The sun is able to give energy and strength to those who are in society while creating an alternative understanding of enlightenment, spiritual forces and transcendence when in a given situation. One is able to reach a sense of illumination when working with fire and the ability to have this symbol as a main component. The burning of fire is furthered with the understanding that it can purify and give life to those in a given situation. However, fire is also known as a destructive force and relates to evil which can take away or create a bar to those ignorant and not enlightened. In various traditions, fire has come to mean a concept which burns away ignorance and leads toward the truth of the spirit (Cooper, 1987, 66). How the Symbol Functions The concept of fire that is in the media is depicted as one which is a destructive force and can’t be replaced. The symbol is first seen with the fire that is caused to a barn or other region. A report that reflects this is of a fire which has destroyed a barn, leaving irreplaceable damage from a building that was used to store hay and farm equipment. The association is one which is first defined by the damage in money that is incorporated into the building then followed by information about a fire which occurred years earlier. In the same building, the fire killed 70 cows and caused even more severe damage to the barn and the area in which it was created. In this report, there is also an association with a thunderstorm that the owner was listening to when finding the fire, specifically which links together to the fire and the situation of what was occurring (Record, 2010). The association with fire and the symbolism which is created is first based around the idea of damage that is irreplaceable and which will cost thousands of dollars in repair. The wording and the connotation behind this is one which leads to the barn being damaged and not being reversed. The symbolism is one which then equa tes to the purification of the building by causing the loss and not allowing it to be saved. This is combined with the damage and irreplaceable loss that is noted from 2006, specifically which has the same connotation of being purified from the spot. The recreation of the same fire indicates that there is a deeper meaning to the fire burning the barn and the irreplaceable damage, specifically which identifies a sense of irreplaceable loss to the barn. The concept of purification and loss is furthered with the idea of the thunderstorm corresponding with the fire, both which are identified as a sense of purification and clearing of the area which the fire occurred. The concept of p

THE IMPACT OF THE TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE Essay

THE IMPACT OF THE TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE TURNOVER WITHIN A RETAIL ENVIRONMENT - Essay Example In this background the major research finding is included and that is the retail employees leave the job because of the lack of proper communication and interaction with their managers which lead to the dispute with him. This section discusses the major reason of the employee turnover in the retail industry, and that is the dissatisfaction of the employees because of innumerable things. Human Resource is the key factor for any industry or business to survive in the cut throat competition. It is not only the question of surviving but also growing and successfully accomplishing the objectives of the business. Especially in the crucial time of recession every small scale large scale industries, retail sectors and other small and large businesses are suffering from this economic meltdown. So it is mandatory to work hard for the growth. In such situation it is the human force that is whole and sole in the process of attaining the goals of the business. So the focus should be given on the employee satisfaction. One of the major causes of the employee satisfaction, which we are going to discuss here, is the effective leadership. Good and visionary leaders motivate the entire team to work hard and they can create a sense of belongingness and responsibility among the employees. The employees have a tendency to leave their job for many reasons and it is the responsibility of the leaders to find out the reasons behind this tendency and took the initiatives to overcome the employee turnover problem. The inability to preserve effective leadership leads to employee turnover, which effects an organization’s productivity and profitability. This study will examine the relationship between transformational leadership characteristics of retail sales managers and the anticipated turnover of retail sale employees. One of the most pressing challenges for retail employees is to assure a competent, qualified, and satisfactory

Methodology of systematic review in health care ( Nursing ) Essay

Methodology of systematic review in health care ( Nursing ) - Essay Example The effectiveness of quality care can be measured through patient satisfaction levels. Providing quality of care in nursing is important because it determines the satisfaction of, patients, nurses and their families and the health care organization (Sherman, Clark & Maloney, 2008). Quality of care has been studied extensively. Research shows that standards must be upheld through comprehensive objectives and specific goals Al-Yousuf, (2002). As a rule it is important that nurses aim to deliver quality care at all times. In so doing patients’ psycho-social and physical well-being are enhanced and they have prompt discharge home from hospital. r. Unfortunately, quality of care is not always in evidence. Consequently patients suffer and feel dissatisfied (Daly et al., 2004) A case in point in the health care field is Dammam Hospitals. Although the quality of care being delivered is good, there is observational evidence from nursing leaders that this could be improved. This is furt her evidence by patients feed back obtained through survey results received from patient satisfaction. In Saudi Arabia, nursing organizations operate in a top-down fashion according to levels of authority. The structure of nursing starts with higher authority system control from the ministry and extends downward to the nursing directors in the hospitals, nursing supervisors, nursing staff, and finally, nursing assistants (nursing leaders does not seem to feature here) (Al-Yousuf, 2002). Since macro-politics do impinge on care, it is critical for nursing leaders to have a good grasp of political issues and how this in turn can impact on care. Parallel with this, nursing leaders needs to possess other specific attributes in the following domains such as decision-making skills, technology skills, interpersonal skills, team-building skills, organizational skills, and effective communication skills. As a nursing Leader

The Sociological Reactions to the Return of Vietnam Veterans Essay Example for Free

The Sociological Reactions to the Return of Vietnam Veterans Essay The Sociological Reactions to the Return of Vietnam Veterans Upon their return from the Vietnam War, many veterans were shocked upon the reaction (or lack thereof) displayed by the citizens of the States who had remained on the home front. When finally landing back on American soil, many veterans expected to be greeted with celebration and maybe even a parade, acknowledging their service and dedication to the Vietnam cause. However, veterans were instead greeted by protestors who did not agree with the United States’ participation in the war (ironically, not all veterans wholly supported the cause itself, but instead went out of respect and devotion to their country). In an article written by Vietnam veteran Bill Hunt, it is clear to see that not only were strangers hostile towards veterans, but even friends and family treated the returning soldiers with annoyance, anger, or at the best, apathy. He states that it felt like family members had not even known he was at war; they reacted to his return much like one would react to someone returning from the grocery store: with just a casual hello, disregarding the danger and the high level of devotion that had been experienced. Hunt’s family barely acknowledged that he had ever even gone to war. The experiences of Vietnam vets were simply viewed as a part of every-day life. The war was not even taken seriously by many people, and veterans (specifically Hunt) were appalled by the flippant and insensitive (though innocent and thoughtless) comments made by others, family included. To the vets, it had been a hellish experience, and many experienced Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, and many became dependent on drugs and alcohol to get through the psychological after-effects of being involved in such stressful and torturous circumstances. However, appallingly, many were unable to get the help they needed. Medical aid was not made available to them right away, and a shocking percentage of Americans viewed them as crazy and dangerous to society. Some even thought that the veterans deserved their psychological conditions. Suicide became increasingly common as many veterans experienced completely unfounded hatred and degradation. Part of this is due to the younger generation, which had begun the hippie movement. The ideas of â€Å"peace† and â€Å"love† were emphasized. Because of this, many returning veterans were greeted with shouts of â€Å"baby killer† and other completely untrue and offensive things. They were also given stereotypes of overarching drug use. Additionally, television was available to households for the first time. Because of this, there was no watering-down or censorship of the conditions of the Vietnam War. Many veterans were portrayed incorrectly and much confusion was experienced by the public due to mixed messages. Regardless of the cause, the fact remains that the Vietnam veterans are one of the most unjustly maligned groups of people in American history. The war was politically unpopular and many veterans were accused of a lack of dedication and â€Å"not fighting hard enough†. The disrespect that had been shown towards these veterans was and still is disgusting: regardless of whether or not one agrees with the cause, it is inexcusable that these veterans were not commended for their sacrifice. Comparison to The Return of a Private and Currently Returning Veterans The Return of a Private

Chang and Eng :: essays research papers

During the 1850s, and again after the Civil War, Chang and Eng returned to public exhibitions. In 1860, they met the famed showman, P. T. Barnum and worked for a brief time at his museum in New York City to support their growing families. Barnum also sponsored their tour to Europe. While in Europe, the brothers once again investigated the possibility of separation. The danger was still deemed too great, and surgery was refused. As their health declined, the brothers desired to return home, and they came back to North Carolina in the early 1870s. On January 17, 1874, Eng was awakened in the middle of the night by a strange sensation. Looking towards his brother, Eng quickly realized that Chang had died. Eng called for his son William, who ran through the house shouting "Uncle Chang is dead!" Within hours, Eng was dead, too. Several weeks later, the bodies were brought to Philadelphia by a commission appointed by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. An autopsy was performed by Drs. Harrison Allen and William H. Pancoast at the MÃ ¼tter Museum. It was determined that Chang had died of a cerebral clot. It was unclear, however, why Eng had died. Some physicians suggested that he died of fright. Today, it is thought that Eng bled to death, as the blood pooled in his dead brother's body. Chang and Eng changed the way society viewed conjoined twins and people with profound physical differences. They proved that those who were different can have normal lives: jobs, spouses, and a healthy family. Chang and Eng introduced the term "Siamese Twins" into our language, and introduced the world to a side of nature that was usually hidden away, ignored, or feared. Chang and Eng led the way for numerous other conjoined twins who have since benefited from the acceptance they demanded and received from society at large. For further information on Chang and Eng Bunker, see Wallace and Wallace, 1978. THE "SIAMESE TWINS" AS CULTURAL METAPHOR By the time they died, Chang and Eng were among the most widely known people in the United States. They were the subjects of newspaper articles, books, poetry, satires, lithographs, and plays. They were also a popular subject for masquerade parties. But at that time, these United States were not so united, and in Chang and Eng, Americans saw their own political struggle embodied. Alison Pingree (1996) has documented the tensions surrounding the "Siamese Twins". Chang and Eng :: essays research papers During the 1850s, and again after the Civil War, Chang and Eng returned to public exhibitions. In 1860, they met the famed showman, P. T. Barnum and worked for a brief time at his museum in New York City to support their growing families. Barnum also sponsored their tour to Europe. While in Europe, the brothers once again investigated the possibility of separation. The danger was still deemed too great, and surgery was refused. As their health declined, the brothers desired to return home, and they came back to North Carolina in the early 1870s. On January 17, 1874, Eng was awakened in the middle of the night by a strange sensation. Looking towards his brother, Eng quickly realized that Chang had died. Eng called for his son William, who ran through the house shouting "Uncle Chang is dead!" Within hours, Eng was dead, too. Several weeks later, the bodies were brought to Philadelphia by a commission appointed by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. An autopsy was performed by Drs. Harrison Allen and William H. Pancoast at the MÃ ¼tter Museum. It was determined that Chang had died of a cerebral clot. It was unclear, however, why Eng had died. Some physicians suggested that he died of fright. Today, it is thought that Eng bled to death, as the blood pooled in his dead brother's body. Chang and Eng changed the way society viewed conjoined twins and people with profound physical differences. They proved that those who were different can have normal lives: jobs, spouses, and a healthy family. Chang and Eng introduced the term "Siamese Twins" into our language, and introduced the world to a side of nature that was usually hidden away, ignored, or feared. Chang and Eng led the way for numerous other conjoined twins who have since benefited from the acceptance they demanded and received from society at large. For further information on Chang and Eng Bunker, see Wallace and Wallace, 1978. THE "SIAMESE TWINS" AS CULTURAL METAPHOR By the time they died, Chang and Eng were among the most widely known people in the United States. They were the subjects of newspaper articles, books, poetry, satires, lithographs, and plays. They were also a popular subject for masquerade parties. But at that time, these United States were not so united, and in Chang and Eng, Americans saw their own political struggle embodied. Alison Pingree (1996) has documented the tensions surrounding the "Siamese Twins".

Do Illegal workers help or hurt the economy Essay

While growing up in Mexico, I heard many stories of people who were going to work in the United States, some illegally, so they could provide a better life for their families. To them, they were going to the land of opportunity, where jobs were plentiful for people who were willing to work hard. They planned to go to the United States and do the work that Americans didn’t want, while getting paid more than they could make in Mexico. Many of them sought work in construction, where their lower pay would mean cheaper homes and buildings for Americans. Although there was the risk of getting arrested and deported, it seemed like a risk worth taking to many people. Now that I live in the United States, I have seen the other side of the story. I have seen the economic difficulties that Americans face in their own country. It is even harder for someone like me, who came here legally, but faces challenges that many Americans don’t. I have met people here who are working illegally, and see their daily struggle to survive. I have also met Americans who were born here and have difficulty finding work. Instead of plenty of jobs for everyone, good jobs are scarce with many people fighting to get them. I see the resentment some people have toward those who are here illegally, and working for lower wages, making it harder for others to complete. These observations have made me wonder; do illegal workers help or hurt the economy? Dr. George Borjas, Professor of Economics and Social Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, found that the earnings of US born workers were reduced by an average of 3.7% by immigrant workers, both legal and illegal. The greatest effect was to US born workers without a high school degree as well as young workers. In his research, published in the paper Increasing the Supply of Labor Through Immigration, Dr. Borjas writes â€Å"The 10 million native-born workers without a high school degree face the most competition from immigrants, as do the eight million younger natives with only a high school education and 12 million younger college graduates.† In the study entitled The Economic Logic of Illegal Immigration by Gordon H. Hanson, Professor of Economics at University of California, Gordon discovered that immigration has a modest impact on the economy, pushing incomes slightly lower for low-skilled native workers, and pushing incomes slightly higher for highly-skilled native workers. However, because legal immigrant workers encounter more restrictions and delays in entering the work force, it is illegal immigrations that provide a fluid, low-skilled workforce that is needed during economic booms. Gordon states â€Å"It (Illegal immigration) provides U.S. businesses with the types of workers they want, when they want them, and where they want them. If policy reform succeeds in making U.S. illegal immigrants more like legal immigrants, in terms of their skills, timing of arrival, and occupational mobility, it is likely to lower rather than raise national welfare.† In June of 2011, the state of Alabama passed the strictest anti-immigration law in the United States, known as HB 56. Alabama is an unlikely state for such a law, since only 120,000 of the country’s 11 million illegal immigrants live in Alabama. However, politicians painted illegal workers as an epidemic, contributing to budget shortfalls and high unemployment. Included in the law, is a requirement for police to validate a person’s immigration status if they have â€Å"reasonable suspicion†. The law penalizes anyone who employs, transports, or rents to an illegal immigrant. As a result of this law, Alabama farmers, who opposed the law from the beginning, saw their workforce disappear. In an article appearing in Mother Jones magazine entitled Help Not Wanted, by Paul Reyes, Alabama farmers expressed their frustration with HB 56. Their problem is that the work they have is difficult and requires experience and training that most native workers don’t have or are unwilling to do. In the article, Jerry Spencer, who runs Grow Alabama, a community-supported agriculture (CSA) project, is quoted. During a single month, Spencer employed 75 Alabamians to work on a farm, picking tomatoes. Of the 75 workers, 15 of them showed up more than once and only 3 lasted for the whole month. Spencer says â€Å"A Mexican can honestly make $300 a day at the height of tomato season, but that’s based on $3 per box. The (Alabamian) workers we took up there couldn’t come close. I’m going to be generous and say $20 a day was average. I actually was proud to see how hard they did work, but they couldn’t live up to the efficiency, and therefore the speed and production, that Mexicans could† An earlier law that prohibited employers from hiring illegal workers was the Immigration Reform and Control Act, which was passed by congress in 1986. This act created penalties for employers who knowingly hire illegal immigrants. However, illegal workers have found a way to counter this by obtaining fake Social Security numbers and green cards, which can be purchased easily in most immigrant neighborhoods for a small fee. These false documents allow employers to claim ignorance if caught hiring an illegal worker. This also means that the illegal workers are paid the same way as other workers, along with tax deductions. In an article appearing in Generations magazine entitled Not on the Radar: Illegal Immigrant are Bolstering Social Security, author Eduardo Porter provided the following statistic, â€Å"The estimated seven million or so illegal immigrant workers in the United States are now providing the system with a subsidy of as much as $7 billion a year.† It is important to note with this statistic, that illegal workers are not eligible for Social Security benefits. Their Social Security deductions are being paid to retired legal workers. While illegal workers with false documents are paying taxes and contributing to the Social Security system, illegal immigrant workers also add a financial strain on city and state budgets. For example, in states like California, where one third of foreign born people in the United States live, children of immigrants are affecting public schools. In the book Immigration in a Changing Economy: California’s Experience, authors Kevin F. McCarthy and George Vernez advocate that more education needs be provided in California public schools for English proficiency for immigrant children â€Å"lest they, and California with them, fall behind the rest of the country† warns McCarthy and Vernez. Illegal workers may have dreams of making lots of money while working in the United States, but the truth is that they will face low-level jobs with the likelihood of exploitation. In a study of illegal Mexican workers, which is documented by Francisco L. Rivera-Batiz in the study Undocumented workers in the labor market: An analysis of the earnings of legal and illegal Mexican immigrants in the United States, published in the Journal of Population  Economics, it was found that 93.2% of male illegal workers and 87.4% of female illegal workers worked in service occupations. Furthermore, they made significantly less income than legal workers performing the same functions. Although some of the pay discrepancy is due to their time spent in the United States and English proficiency, it does not explain all of the pay discrepancies. Rivera-Batiz writes, â€Å"The large proportion of the gap in wages between legal and illegal immigrants unexplained by differences in the measured characteristics of these two groups strongly suggests the presence of systematic discrimination against undocumented workers.† After conducting my research, I have been surprised to learn that illegal immigration has a minimal impact on the overall US economy. The most negatively affected are young, low-skilled, less educated native workers, who experience slightly lower wages due to illegal immigrant workers. Highly-skilled native workers actually receive a slightly higher income due to illegal immigrant workers. Illegal workers benefit of course, but they are also easy targets for exploitation, since they are often not paid the same as legal workers performing the same job functions, and do not receive the same benefits that legal workers do. The real winners from illegal immigration are the businesses that knowingly employ illegal workers. They receive a workforce willing to work for minimal wages, and perform jobs that many native workers are unwilling to do. Government agencies also benefit by receiving tax payments from illegal workers, while not having to pay out such benefits as Social Security. For these reasons, I foresee little change in Immigration laws, since the current situation benefits those with the most power and money. Works Cited (1) Borjas, G. J. (2004, May). In Increasing the Supply of Labor Through Immigration: Measuring the Impact on Native-born Workers. Retrieved Mar. 29, 2013, from http:// www.cis.org/articles/2004/back504.html (2) Hanson, G. H. (2007, Apr. 26 ). In The Economic Logic of Illegal Immigration. Retrieved Mar. 29, 2013, from http://www.cfr.org/content/publications (3) McCarthy, Kevin F., Vernez,  George. â€Å"Immigration in a Changing Economy: California’s Experience.† Rand, 1997: 338 EBSCOhost. Anoka Technical College, Anoka, Minnesota. 19 April 2013 http://www.ebsco.com (4) Reyes, Paul. â€Å"Help Not Wanted.† Mother Jones March/April 2012: EBSCOhost. Anoka Technical College, Anoka, Minnesota. 19 April 2013 . (5) Rivera-Batiz, Francisco L. â€Å"Undocumented workers in the labor market: An analysis of the earnings of legal and illegal Mexican immigrants in the United States† Journal of Population Economics (1999) 91-116 EBSCOhost. Anoka Technical College, Anoka, Minnesota. 29 March 2013 . (6) Porter, Eduardo. â€Å"Not on the Radar: Illegal Immigrants Are Bolstering Social Security.† Generations Spring 2005, Vol. 29 Issue 1: 100-102 EBSCOhost. Anoka Technical College, Anoka, Minnesota. 29 March 2013 .